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油茶象(Curculio chinensis Chevrolat)是我国特有木本油料树种——油茶的专性蛀果害虫,常导致大量落果。为明确其基本的生物学特性,2014年在湖南省邵阳县小果油茶林采用震落法捕获油茶象成虫146头,实验室室温下饲养,记录日死亡数,并对其干重、喙长、体长和体宽进行了测量。用独立样本t检验(Independent—samples t test)分析雌雄成虫大小差异性,用线性拟合(Linear fit)分析成虫日死亡数与日最高气温的关系,并用Crosby生长法则对“多峰拟合”分龄结果进行了评价。结果表明:油茶象雌性多于雄性,性比为3.06:1;成虫具2种体色型,即黑色型和褐色型,黑色型为优势种群;成虫最长寿命>100天,7月下旬至8月初持续高温(日最高温度>35℃)导致成虫大量死亡,占55.8%,成虫日死亡数与日最高气温显著线性正相关(P<0.01)。Crosby指数均<10%,表明“多峰拟合”方法用于幼虫分龄合理可靠。本文明确了油茶象的一些基本生物学特性,并给出了卵、各龄幼虫及雌性成虫形态特征图。
Curculio (Curculio chinensis Chevrolat), a peculiar boring pest of Camellia oleifera, a tree species endemic to China, often leads to a large number of fruit drop. In order to clarify its basic biological characteristics, 146 adult Camellia oleifera cv. Camellia oleifera were harvested in Shaoguo County, Hunan Province in 2014 by means of shaking-off method. The number of deaths was recorded at room temperature in the laboratory and the dry weight, beak length Body length and body width were measured. Independent-samples t test was used to analyze the size difference between male and female. Linear fit was used to analyze the relationship between adult daily mortality and daily maximum air temperature. Crosby’s growth rule was used to analyze the multi-peak fitting “The results of age-related evaluation. The results showed that there were more female and male than female in Camellia oleifera, the sex ratio was 3.06: 1, adult body had two body color types, black and brown, and black type was the dominant species. The longest life expectancy of adult was> 100 days. From late July to The continuous high temperature in early August (daily maximum temperature> 35 ℃) resulted in a large number of adult deaths, accounting for 55.8%. The number of adult deaths was significantly and linearly positively correlated with the daily maximum temperature (P <0.01). Crosby index <10%, indicating ”multi-peak fitting " method for larval age is reasonable and reliable. In this paper, some basic biological characteristics of Camellia oleifera were identified, and morphological characteristics of eggs, larvae and adult female adults were given.