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水中垢晶主要由钙、镁和碳酸根离子形成。以CaCO_3为例,当CaCO_3溶液过饱和时,溶液中的Ca~(2+)和CO(?)之间的吸引力增强,使它们相互靠拢,按着结晶的格子规律,先长成一行线晶,线晶靠拢长成一层面网,最后由面网平行地向外长成晶核。以这些晶核为中心,Ca~(2+),CO_3~2不断粘附在晶体上,使其长大,因此从外观看,晶体是面平棱直的多面体。图一即为CaCO_3菱面体形状。防垢剂能够减缓和抑制结垢,是由于它们具有以下几种性能:1.能够使垢晶体产生晶格畸变或晶格歪曲,干扰晶体的正常发育(有序排列),从而抑制其长成大颗粒沉淀下来。见图二
Water fouling is mainly formed by calcium, magnesium and carbonate ions. Taking CaCO_3 as an example, when the CaCO_3 solution is supersaturated, the attractive force between Ca 2+ and CO (?) In the solution increases, bringing them close to each other. According to the lattice regularity of crystallization, Crystal, crystal grow up close to a layer of mesh, and finally by the surface network parallel to the outside long into a crystal nucleus. To these nuclei as the center, Ca ~ (2 +), CO_3 ~ 2 continue to adhere to the crystal, so that it grows, so from the outside, the crystal surface is flat and straight polyhedron. Figure 1 is the shape of CaCO_3 rhombohedron. Scale inhibitors reduce and inhibit fouling due to their following properties: 1. Ability to cause lattice fission or lattice distortions in fouling crystals, disrupting the normal development (ordered arrangement) of crystals, thereby inhibiting their growth Large particles precipitated. See figure two