一、引论:问题与视角梁治平对清代司法实践中的习惯法的情形研究与苏力和笔者对当代中国司法实践中法律与习惯的互动的研究,从客观事实来看,清代和当代的研究表现出了习惯在司法实践中几乎相同的尴尬处境,相同的悲惨命运,这最为集中地典型地体现在身处于习惯与法律激烈冲突最前沿的中国古代和现代基层法官身上。如果说中国清代的“父母官”一方面作为国家官员要贯彻国家的意志和法律,另一方面还负有净化民风民俗,教化民众的责任,因此,大抵恪尽职守的地方官,就会自觉了解地方土俗人情,甚至远较我们所谓的习 I. Introduction: Problems and Perspectives Liang Zhiping on Qing Dynasty judicial practice of customary law situation research and Su Li and the author of contemporary Chinese judicial practice of law and practice of interaction, from an objective fact point of view, the Qing Dynasty and Contemporary research shows almost the same embarrassing situation and the same miserable fate of customary practice in judicial practice, which is most concentratedly embodied in the ancient Chinese and modern grassroots judges who are at the forefront of the intense conflicts in habit and law. If the “parents and officers” in the Qing Dynasty of China were both responsible for implementing the will and laws of the state as state officials and on the other hand, purifying folk customs and educating the public, it would probably be conscious Understanding local customs and practices is far more than what we call learning