This is an expert consensus on the evaluation and treatment of thoracolumbar spinal injury,established from February 2009 to July 2010.The expert consensus consists mainly of six parts with a total of 54 recommendations including the Overview (one item); Pre-hospital care (one item); Evaluation and diagnosis (13 items); Treatment (23 items); Prevention and treatment of major complications (12 items); and Rehabilitation (four items).To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time that Chinese experts have published a consensus on spine and spinal cord injury.The expert consensus was established based on Delphi methods,literature analysis,and clinical experience.Each recommendation is supported by and was interpreted using multi-level evidence.The level of agreement with the recommendation among the panel members was assessed as either low,moderate,or strong.Each panel member was asked to indicate his or her level of agreement on a 5-point scale,with "1" corresponding to neutrality and "5" representing maximum agreement.Scores were aggregated across the panel members and an arithmetic mean was calculated.This mean score was then translated into low,moderate,or strong.After all of the votes were collected and calculated,the results showed no low-level recommendations,10 moderate-level recommendations,and 44 strong-level recommendations.An expert consensus was reached and is recognized by Chinese spine surgeons.Wide-scale adoption of these recommendations is urgent in the management of acute thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury in a broader attempt to create a standard evaluation and treatment strategy for acute thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury in China.