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In the present study, an aerodynamic shape optimization has been performed to enhance the aerodynamic performance of horizontal-axis wind turbine rotor blades.The present optimization framework consists of two modules.The first module conducts 3-D coupled CFD-CSD analysis for the complete rotor blade configuration to evaluate the turbine performance.The second module performs 2-D shape optimization of blade airfoil sections to maximize the lift-to-drag ratio.Then the aerodynamic performance of the new rotor blade reconfigured from the optimized airfoil sections is evaluated again by using the 3-D coupled CFD-CSD method.The above procedure is repeated until a satisfactory convergence in the shape optimization is obtained.The optimization framework was applied to the NREL 5MW reference rotor blade.The results showed that the present optimization framework is effective and efficient in enhancing the aerodynamic performance of HAWT rotor blades.