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With the prosperity of the potato starch industry, large amounts of wastewater and potato residue bring about extremely serious pollution to the environment.Proteins are nutrients necessary for human and animal, while the shortage of protein resources is a major issue the world facing.This topic we use microbial fermentation engineering approach to the treatment of the potato wastewater and potato, transforming the various of ingredients.In this study, first we use single fermentation to find the optimum reducing sugar proportion of the two yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis by the way of adding glucose to the potato residue medium.This will provide a optimization indicators to the cellulose fermentation bacteria.The optimal glucose ratio of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2.8%, and the Candida utilis is 4.2%.The protein yield is 7.683 mg/ml and 6.994 mg/ml respectively.Next mutagenization treatment will be done to the two yeast strains, we will select the strains whose yield have been further improved.And then response surface optimization, temperature, pH, aeration rate, inoculum size, bacteria mixed ratio and other factors will be optimized to further enhance of the yield of single cell protein.