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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to observe the effect of oxymatrine on preventing hepatic fibrosis in rats and on liver transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) content.METHODS: Hepatic fibrosis was induced in rats by thioacetamide (TAA).Blood was collected at the end of week 12 to determine the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST),glutathione (GSH).Changes in liver tissue were observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Fibrosis was confirmed by Massons collagen stain through observation of eight randomly selected visions for each group.Liver TGF-β1 content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: Oxymatrine could significantly reduce serum ALT, AST, and GSH levels in rats with hepatic fibrosis.Moreover, pathological histology revealed that oxymatrine could significantly improve the liver histological structure and fibrosis in rats with TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis.Liver TGF-β1 content was significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the model group.CONCLUSIONS: Oxymatrine can significantly reduce collagen deposition in rats, and is effective in protecting rats from TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis, possibly through the regulation of TGF-β1 expression.