Using rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement and recycled fine aggregate of construction waste for producing a new kind of self-compacting backfill material is a major aim of this study, which can be mainly employed in the emergency backfill engineering.Totally, sixteen mixtures were prepared for experiment with the different cement-to-sand ratios of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and water-to-solid ratios of 0.25, 0.27, 0.29, 0.31.Meanwhile, the amounts of fly ash (FA) and water reducing agent in each mixture were fixed at 15.0% by weight of recycled fine aggregate of construction waste, and 3.0% by weight of cement, respectively.The flowability and bleeding rate of fresh mixture were measured, and hardened mixture was tested to measure its compressive strength.Test results indicate that self-compacting backfill material produced by rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement and recycled fine aggregate of construction waste could achieve the desirable flowability, but the bleeding rate increased with the increase of the flowability.In addition, the 4-hour compressive strength could reaach 0.11-1.54MPa, and the 28-day compressive strength could reach 0.43-6.42MPa, which could be adjusted via the different cement-to-sand ratio and water-to-solid ratio according to the requirements of engineering.Moreover,the 4-hour, 7-hour, 1-day, 3-day, 7-day, 28-day, 56-day compressive strength were measured respectively, and an analytical model for predicting compressive strength has been developed with high reliability based on these experimental data.